When she was 9 years outdated, Virginia McCaskey attended the first NFL playoff recreation, at Chicago Stadium in December 1932. The Chicago Bears, coached by her father, George “Papa Bear” Halas – the staff’s founder and proprietor — beat the Spartans of Portsmouth, Ohio, by a rating of 9-0 to grow to be the then 12-year-old league’s champions.
Moved indoors due to a blizzard, the sport, a precursor to the annual championship now often called the Tremendous Bowl, was performed in entrance of about 11,000 individuals on a 60-yard discipline utilizing filth and manure left over from a touring circus. One punt hit the stadium’s organist. Two years later, a radio station proprietor paid $7,952.08 (about $180,000 in at the moment’s {dollars}) to purchase the Spartans and transfer them to Detroit, the place they now play because the Lions.
Now, the 101-year-old McCaskey owns the Bears. Earlier than his demise in 1983, her dad got here up with a plan to go the staff to McCaskey, his solely residing youngster, with out saddling her with a heavy tax burden. Halas divided the 49.35% of the Bears he owned into equal shares for his 13 grandchildren utilizing a set of trusts. Voting energy over these shares went to McCaskey, who already owned shut to twenty% of the staff. McCaskey has since raised 11 youngsters, with 21 grandchildren, 35 great-grandchildren and 4 great-great-grandchildren.
The Bears are a part of a towering US media colossus. The Nationwide Soccer League was liable for 93 of the 100 most-watched TV broadcasts final yr, and introduced in practically $20 billion in income. McCaskey’s staff alone is value $6 billion, based on the newest estimates by sports-business media outlet Sportico, and throughout the league common franchise valuations rose 69% between 2020 and 2023.
That development has helped make NFL staff homeowners wealthy. Nevertheless it has additionally created succession-planning challenges in a league that venerates household and custom — and will power the doorways open for buyers pushed by monetary imperatives.
In September, the NFL fashioned a particular committee of 5 homeowners to think about ending a block on private-equity funds. The US’s different high sports activities leagues have already lowered the gates for such buyers, however the nation’s hottest one has remained a holdout.
Clark Hunt, an element proprietor and chairman of the Kansas Metropolis Chiefs — who will face the San Francisco 49ers in Tremendous Bowl LVIII in Las Vegas on Sunday — mentioned in an interview that the league has been watching as different sports activities dip their toes into personal fairness.
“I do assume it’s an avenue that may be useful from a capital standpoint,” mentioned Hunt, who can be chairman of the NFL’s finance committee, a member of the panel trying into the private-equity guidelines and a son of Chiefs founder Lamar Hunt.
Clearing a path for personal fairness is more likely to end in a sequence of offers briefly order, with six to eight groups doubtlessly promoting minority stakes inside a yr, based on an govt for one NFL staff who declined to be recognized as a result of they aren’t approved to talk publicly on the matter.
Approval of the personal fairness plan is anticipated to come back on the league’s annual assembly subsequent month, based on individuals acquainted with the method.
The NFL declined to remark for this text.
For many of its greater than 100-year historical past, the NFL has operated as a intently knit collective of household companies — and has taken steps to attempt to hold it that method. Underneath Commissioner Roger Goodell, who has held his put up since 2006, the NFL has repeatedly adjusted its guidelines to make it simpler to go groups throughout generations, as common staff values climbed to round $5 billion.
“He appreciates the continuity, the historical past, the pores and skin within the recreation that the household ownerships present,” mentioned Marc Ganis, president of the consulting agency Sportscorp Ltd. and confidant to many NFL homeowners. “You’re making choices for a for much longer horizon should you’re considering of a staff staying within the household along with your youngsters.”
But the NFL’s prosperity has made sustaining such cohesion a costlier and extra difficult proposition, as an ageing cohort of householders goals to maintain their households in management and keep away from exposing heirs to a whole lot of hundreds of thousands in tax liabilities.
“In our expertise, sports activities staff homeowners not often if ever promote their groups except they’re pressured to for exterior causes — which is going on with a couple of NFL franchises in the mean time,” mentioned Andrew Kline, a former St. Louis Rams offensive lineman and now funding banker at Park Lane.
The US taxes inherited belongings after a person exemption of $13.6 million at a fee of 40%, with an extra 40% levy on belongings handed to grandchildren. The exemption is anticipated to be lower practically in half in 2026, when modifications handed in 2017 underneath President Donald Trump are scheduled to lapse.
The typical age of the league’s 32 principal homeowners is 72. Seven are 80 or older. Eight groups are nonetheless owned by their founding households. Underneath NFL guidelines, these households should maintain a minimum of 30% of a franchise, led by a single controlling proprietor. For most of the league’s oldest households, whose wealth is usually tied up of their groups, a big tax invoice might depart them with little selection however to promote.
“When groups have been value $300 million, that was one factor,” mentioned Ganis. “When they’re value $7 or $8 billion, which may be a unique story.”
Over the previous decade, the NFL has permitted 4 record-breaking franchise gross sales. In 2014, fracking billionaire Terry Pegula and his spouse, Kim, purchased the Buffalo Payments from the property of founding proprietor Ralph Wilson for a then-record $1.4 billion. That deal was adopted 4 years later by the sale of the Carolina Panthers to hedge fund billionaire David Tepper for $2.3 billion.
Walmart Inc. inheritor Rob Walton led a bunch that in 2022 purchased the Denver Broncos for $4.65 billion after its controlling Bowlen household couldn’t agree on a succession plan. And final yr, personal fairness billionaire Josh Harris led a bunch of greater than 15 companions who paid over $6 billion for the Washington Commanders.
In the meantime, different buyers have expressed curiosity in taking a smaller slice of a staff. Clearlake Capital co-founders Behdad Eghbali and Jose Feliciano have been mentioned final yr to be weighing a bid for a stake within the Los Angeles Chargers.
Some longstanding homeowners have been unnerved by the inflow of recent cash.
“There’s outdated homeowners who wish to keep and are very involved with franchise values getting uncontrolled,” mentioned Frank Hawkins, a former NFL govt who runs a consulting agency, “and others who’re very involved in maximizing their worth.”
Different high US leagues have handled surging franchise values, which have put shopping for even a part of a staff out of attain for all however the ultra-rich, by letting in institutional buyers. Specialised personal fairness companies have arrange funds to purchase passive stakes in franchises within the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation, Main League Baseball and the Nationwide Hockey League.
For the NFL, permitting in such autos would assist groups elevate capital and provides minority companions a method to money out.
“To provide an instance the price of constructing and renovating stadiums continues to rise at a really quick fee,” mentioned Hunt, the Chiefs proprietor, “and being able to entry outdoors capital to assist facilitate initiatives like that will be useful.”
Permitting extra outdoors buyers would shift the character of the league. Historically, restricted companions have been buddies of possession, former gamers, native celebrities and others who see the funding as greater than an alternate asset class for his or her portfolio. Personal fairness buyers would add to the stress to push revenues increased — and for groups to vary arms at ever-higher costs.
For many years, the NFL required {that a} single individual personal a minimum of 51% of every staff. That was lower to 30% in 1985, after H.R. “Bum” Vivid led a bunch that purchased the Dallas Cowboys for $85 million. The NFL limits possession teams to not more than 25 individuals.
Over the previous 20 years, the league steadily pared the 30% requirement for principal homeowners who’ve held their groups a minimum of ten years and hold a minimum of 30% of their household to 1% by 2022. That has allowed homeowners to go their groups to relations whereas they’re nonetheless residing and decrease property tax payments.
“If an proprietor nonetheless needs management, however needs to do some planning, they might switch some curiosity into an irrevocable belief, through a partnership or an LLC,” mentioned Caroline McKay, a senior wealth strategist with CIBC Personal Wealth. This reduces the dimensions of the property and helps decrease the worth of the underlying asset, since minority stakes are likely to promote at a reduction to controlling shares.
Life insurance coverage insurance policies may permit homeowners to basically prepay property taxes for his or her heirs, however premiums will be onerous. In some instances, heirs could possibly reap the benefits of a carve-out that spreads fee of taxes on intently held, illiquid belongings over 14 years.
No quantity of planning can change the truth that households generally squabble, whilst league guidelines demand unity. The NFL mandates {that a} single individual signify every staff to vote on vital league choices together with enlargement, collective-bargaining agreements with gamers and rule modifications.
“It’s particularly difficult due to the excessive worth of those groups and the truth that you may’t simply do what you need,” mentioned Leslie Klinger, a associate at Kopple, Klinger & Elbaz, a California legislation agency that focuses on property planning. “You’ve received to comply with the league guidelines.”
Whereas the NFL has been versatile with groups confronting property points, there have been conflicts. In 2015, the league clashed with the Tennessee Titans over a plan created by founder Bud Adams that, based on reporting by Sports activities Illustrated, required his three youngsters to succeed in consensus on main choices surrounding the staff.
The Titans declined to touch upon whether or not this association nonetheless stands.
When Virginia McCaskey dies, the Bears should redistribute her 20% stake and her voting energy. Her surviving youngsters will doubtless every get a stake value a whole lot of hundreds of thousands.
Each NFL staff is required to have a succession plan on file with the league and affirm or amend it annually. The Bears’ plan, based on Ganis, would place the staff underneath the management of Virginia’s eighth-oldest youngster, George H. McCaskey, who at the moment serves as chairman.
“I consider that’s the plan,” mentioned Ganis. “As with all issues like this, you don’t actually know till it occurs.”
Some relations are eager to promote, based on individuals acquainted with the matter. The household are contemplating choices together with offloading a minority stake to cowl taxes or promoting the staff completely, the individuals mentioned.
The Bears declined to remark.
In 1990, Aon founder and insurance coverage trade billionaire Patrick Ryan, who’s 86, and a since-deceased associate purchased roughly 20% of the Bears after two of the 13 Halas grandchildren — the one two who will not be youngsters of Virginia McCaskey — determined to promote. Ryan, based on Hawkins, is a probable purchaser if any of the McCaskey youngsters promote. With a internet value of $8.3 billion, based on the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, he’s additionally a probable candidate to amass the staff if it leaves the household.
A spokesperson for Ryan mentioned in an electronic mail that he by no means discusses board points involving the Bears.
One other staff going through potential succession hurdles is the Seattle Seahawks.
After the demise of longtime proprietor and Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen in 2018, management handed to Jody Allen, Paul’s sister and the executor of his property. The household belief additionally owns the NBA’s Portland Path Blazers. Paul’s needs stipulated that each groups needs to be offered in some unspecified time in the future.
Jody, 65, is reluctant to promote the groups and has loved being an NFL proprietor, hampering any potential sale regardless of plenty of attainable bidders, based on two individuals who have spoken with the Allen property. A spokesperson for the property mentioned there isn’t any present gross sales course of or timeline set however Paul’s want for the staff to be offered shall be honored.
Amazon.com Inc. founder Jeff Bezos final yr weighed shopping for both the Seahawks or the Washington Commanders as a part of a course of led by funding financial institution Allen & Co., based on two individuals acquainted with the matter. Bezos has since moved to Florida, making a Seahawks bid appear unlikely.
A spokesperson for Bezos declined to remark.
Gayle Benson, proprietor of the NFL’s New Orleans Saints and NBA’s New Orleans Pelicans, has mentioned each groups shall be offered when she dies, with the proceeds going to native charities. Numerous fellow homeowners and advisers mentioned Benson, 77, would think about a stake sale.
A spokesperson for the Saints and Benson mentioned she hasn’t mentioned promoting a minority stake within the staff, and declined to offer any additional remark.
The one longstanding exception to the NFL’s possession guidelines is the Inexperienced Bay Packers, who’ve been run by a publicly owned nonprofit company for over a century. The Packers possession, which has greater than 500,000 shareholders, was grandfathered in when the league codified its present guidelines.
The staff’s annual monetary studies present a glimpse into the state of the league. Final yr, the Packers introduced in additional than $610 million in income, up 5% from the earlier fiscal yr. Almost $375 million got here from a 1/thirty second share in nationwide TV offers and different league-wide income.
By the requirements of sports activities leagues around the globe, NFL groups include exceptional stability. Versus European soccer, the place wage payments are successfully limitless and spiraling upwards, labor prices are tightly managed by means of a collective bargaining settlement that extends to 2030. Groups take pleasure in each regional monopolies and an equal share in more and more giant nationwide TV offers.
The Tremendous Bowl is the one occasion on the US calendar that may collect greater than 100 million People in entrance of their TVs on the identical time — a testomony to the league’s enduring mainstream attraction in a fractured media panorama. All of it provides as much as unequalled demand from buyers.
